#Rotary Drilling Rig#The rotary drilling rig is mainly composed of chassis, slewing mechanism, upper vehicle, working device, hydraulic and electrical control system, etc. The working device includes main and auxiliary winches, vertical adjustment cylinder, mast, drill pipe, power head system, drilling tools and other parts.#industrial drilling equipment#
1. Chassis: Chassis can be divided into dedicated crawler chassis, hydraulic excavator crawler chassis, crane crawler chassis, and crawler chassis vehicle chassis. Dedicated crawler chassis offer compact structure, strong adaptability, easy transportation, and attractive appearance, but are expensive. Crane crawler chassis generally feature an attached working device, with the main boom consisting of a retractable box-type structure and a truss structure, allowing them to function as both a rotary drilling rig and a crawler crane, saving equipment investment. Crawler chassis typically feature a three-point support structure, offering excellent stability and low cost, but are inconvenient to transport. Vehicle chassis are generally based on heavy-duty truck chassis with reinforced beams and outriggers installed. Currently, the vast majority of rotary drilling rigs produced domestically and internationally use dedicated crawler chassis, with only a few utilizing excavator crawler chassis or crane crawler chassis.
2. Drill pipe and drill tools. Drill pipe is a key component of rotary drilling rigs and is divided into internal friction, externally pressurized, telescopic drill pipe, and internal interlocking, externally pressurized, telescopic drill pipe. Internal friction drill pipe offers high drilling efficiency in soft soil, while interlocking drill pipe increases the downward pressure applied by the power unit to the drill pipe and transmitted to the drill tool, making it suitable for drilling in hard rock. To improve operational efficiency, a drilling rig is often equipped with two sets of drill pipe. Drill tools include a variety of tools, including long-spiral and large-diameter short-spiral drill bits, rotary drill buckets, sand bailers, bottom expansion drill bits, and core drill bits.
3. The power unit can be driven by either an electric motor or a motor. Both units generally offer low-speed drilling and high-speed reverse and soil removal. The hydraulic support system of the power unit is typically driven by a dual-variable hydraulic motor, a two-speed reducer, or a low-speed, high-torque hydraulic motor. The rotary speed range is generally multiple, suitable for various operating conditions. The motor drive typically uses a custom-made, constant-power, two-speed motor with high torque and strong overload capacity.
4. The rotary drilling rig is equipped with main and auxiliary winches. The main winch is used to lift drill rods and drill tools, and has a free-lowering function. The auxiliary winch has a smaller lifting capacity and is primarily used for auxiliary operations such as lifting a rebar cage. After drilling is completed, the auxiliary winch is used to lower the rebar cage into the hole for concrete pouring. The auxiliary winch can also be used to lift other materials. Both the main and auxiliary winches are equipped with rope clamps to prevent rope tangling.
5. The mast is a key component that provides movement guidance, position adjustment, and power transmission for the drill tool. The power unit and drill rod guide slide along its guide rails. To adapt to geological conditions and improve drilling efficiency, a pressurized cylinder is installed between the mast and the power unit. One end of the pressurized cylinder is fixed to the mast, and the other end is connected to the guide mechanism on the power unit. The extension and retraction of the pressurized cylinder indirectly pressurizes or lifts the drill tool. The mast bears the torque exerted on the power unit during operation, the reaction force of the pressurized cylinder during pressurization, and the pressure exerted on the pulley frame during drill lifting. The position of the power unit on the mast can be adjusted using a pressurized cylinder, thus varying the torque transmitted to the mast. The mast also often serves as the support for the winch. Outriggers are sometimes installed at the lower end of the mast to improve overall stability during drilling operations.#industrial drilling equipment#
6. The slewing mechanism consists of a slewing reducer, slewing bearing, turntable body, and mast support. Its function is to bear the upper weight and enable rotational motion. The turntable's rotation is driven by oil supplied by a hydraulic pump to the slewing hydraulic motor, which in turn drives the slewing bearing's internal gear ring via the slewing reducer's pinion, enabling the upper carriage to rotate 360 degrees. #industrial drilling equipment#
